REVIEW PAPER
Smartphone addiction among children and youth
More details
Hide details
1
1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie, Poradnia Podstawowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Polska
2
1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie, Oddział Chirurgii Urazowo-Ortopedycznej, Polska
3
Szpital Neuropsychiatryczny im. prof. Mieczysława Kaczyńskiego w Lublinie, Oddział VII, Polska
4
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Wydział Lekarski, Polska
5
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski im. Jana Pawła II, Katedra Psychoterapii i Psychologii Zdrowia, Polska
6
Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, Oddział Chirurgii Ogólnej,
Polska
Corresponding author
Olga Bielawska
1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie
Poradnia Podstawowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Aleje Racławickie 23, 20-049, Lublin, Polska
Med Srod. 2023;26(3-4):67-71
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
In modern society, mobile devices such as mobile phones are in common use. The development of technology has decreased the age of the first contact with this type of devices. „Digital 2021” report shows that 66% of the population use a phone (not necessarily smartphones). This number makes us realize how serious problem smartphone addiction is becoming. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge of phone addiction in children and adolescents. Increasingly, pre- school age is the first time when kids start using these devices. Partly, it is parents’ fault. Due to their own comfort, they allow their children to use technological devices. They do not control the time of usage and the websites their children visit. As a result, mobile phone addiction and its physical and psychological effects are becoming an increasingly serious problem. Literature searched using tools, such as PubMed and Google Scholar in March, April, May and June 2023 were analysed.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge:
There are many causes of smartphone addiction. The most important are phone addiction in parents, remote learning, and trying to keep up with trends among peers. Statistically, teenage girls are at greatest risk, but the phenomenon is also very common among boys. This addiction has many effects, both physical and psychological. Frequent back pain, vision problems, obesity, anxiety, insomnia are just the most common of them.
Summary:
To prevent mobile phone addiction among children and young people screen time should be limited and the first contact with this type of devices should be as late as possible. Constant physical activity is very important to prevent the development of obesity, back problems and other complications.
REFERENCES (32)
1.
Sohn S, Rees P, Wildridge B, et al. Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19:356.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888....
2.
Jiaxin Y, Xi F, Xiaoli L, et al. Association of problematic smartphone use with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;284:112686.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyc....
3.
Demkow M, Jakubczyk A. Problematic mobile Phone use review of literature. Problemowe używanie telefonu komórkowego. Przegląd literatury. Alcohol Drug Addict. 2019;32:211–236.
https://doi.org/10.5114/ain.20....
4.
Augustynek A. Psychologiczne aspekty korzystania z Internetu. In: Haber L. Formowanie się społeczności informacyjnej. Kraków: Tekst-Graf; 2003. p. 77–78.
5.
Opęchowska N, Olszewski T. Uzależnienie dzieci w wieku szkolnym od Internetu. Raport z badań przeprowadzonych w okresie występowania stanu epidemicznego COVID-19, wiosna 2020 r. ZN. 2020;79:21–49.
6.
Wang J, Hao QH, Tu Y et al. Assessing the Association Between Internet Addiction Disorder and Health Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysi. Front Public Health. 2022;10:809232.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.....
7.
Lee TY, Song BH. Smart-phone addiction and countermeasure: focusing on ethics education. Korean Crim Psychol Rev. 2017;13(1):195–226.
8.
Jeong SH, Kim H, Yum JY, Hwang Y. What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Comput Human Behav. 2016;54: 10–17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.....
9.
Yeo JY, Kang SY, Kim DH. The impact of attachment anxiety on smart phone addiction with a mediating effect of impulsivity and loneliness: focused on the group of SNS and GAME. Korean J Youth Couns. 2014;22(1):47–69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.35151/kyc....
10.
Lin TT, Chiang YH. Investigating predictors of smartphone dependency symptoms and effects on academic performance, improper phone use and perceived sociability. IJMC. 2017;15(6):655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJMC....
11.
Foerster M, Roser K, Schoeni A, et al. Problematic mobile phone use in adolescents: derivation of a short scale MPPUS-10. Int J Public Health. 2015;60:277–86.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038....
13.
Mokhtarinia HR, Torkamani MH, Farmani O, et al. Smartphone addiction in children: patterns of use and musculoskeletal discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22:681.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887....
14.
Salehan M, Negahban A. Social networking on smartphones: when mobile phones become addictive. Comput Human Behav. 2013;29(6):2632–2639.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10....
15.
Chiang JT, Fong-Ching C, Kun-Wei L, et al. Transitions in smartphone addiction proneness among children: The effect of gender and use patterns. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0217235.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
16.
Kitai K, Jeong Y, Eun CJ, et al. Smartphone Addiction and Anxiety in Adolescents – A Cross-sectional Study. Am J Health Behav. 2021;45:895–901.
https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.4....
17.
Popescu AM, Balica RS, Lazăr E, et al. Smartphone addiction risk, technology-related behaviors and attitudes, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2022;13:997253.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
18.
Gong J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, et al. How parental smartphone addiction affects adolescent smartphone addiction: The effect of the parent-child relationship and parental bonding. J Affect Disord. 2022;307:271–277.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.....
19.
Suprapto MH, Setiasih, Siaputra IB. Parent-child relationship and smartphone addiction in adolescents: Are there gender differences? PRoUSt. 2023;6:1–9.
https://doi.org/10.7454/proust....
20.
Jeong KH, Kim S, Ryu JH, et al. A Longitudinal Relationship Between Mother’s Smartphone Addiction to Child’s Smartphone Addiction. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469....
21.
Hong YP, Yeom YO, Lim MH. Relationships between Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage Types, Depression, ADHD, Stress, Interpersonal Problems, and Parenting Attitude with Middle School Students. J Korean Med Sci. 2021;17:36(19):e129.
https://doi.org/10.3346%2Fjkms....
22.
Joiner TE, Jr, Catanzaro SJ, Laurent J. Tripartite structure of positive and negative affect, depression, and anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients. J Abnorm Psychol. 1996;105(3):401–409.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10....
23.
Essau CA, Conradt J, Petermann F. Frequency and comorbidity of social phobia and social fears in adolescents. Behav Res Ther. 1999;37(9):831–843.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-....
24.
Sanchez Martinez M, Otero A. Factors associated with cell phone use in adolescents in the community of Madrid. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12:131–7.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.20....
25.
Toda M, Monden K, Kubo K, Morimoto K. Mobile phone dependence and health-related lifestyle of university students. Soc Behav Pers. 2006;34:1277–84.
https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.20....
28.
Taneja C. The psychology of excessive cellular phone use. Delhi Psychiatry J. 2014;17:448–51.
30.
Chang CH, Chang YC, Yang L, et al. The Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Children and Young Adults with Internet Addiction/Internet Gaming Disorder: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:2612.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
31.
Malinauskas R, Malinauskiene V. A meta-analysis of psychological interventions for Internet/smartphone addiction among adolescents. J Behav Addict. 2019;8:613–624.
https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8....
32.
Farooq M, Salman Bashir M, Arif A, et al. Effects of elongation longitudinaux avec decoaption osteo-articulaire and post-facilitation stretching technique on pain and functional disability in mobile users with text neck syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, Balt. 2023;102:e33073.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.000....