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PRACA ORYGINALNA
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Najczęstszymi nowotworami występującymi w populacji dzieci są białaczki, które stanowią ok. 25% wszystkich nowotworów rozpoznawanych u dzieci w Polsce. W latach 1999–2016 na białaczkę zachorowało łącznie 4905 dzieci i młodzieży, z czego 1479 zmarło. W pracy założono, że ekspozycja rodziców w okresie przedkoncepcyjnym oraz ich dzieci w okresie prenatalnym na czynniki rakotwórcze w środowisku może wpływać na rozwój białaczki. Celem pracy była analiza występowania czynników ryzyka zdrowotnego w rodzinach dzieci chorych na białaczkę, spowodowanych zanieczyszczeniem środowiska lub stylem życia rodziców dzieci.

Materiał i metody:
Aby osiągnąć założony cel, przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe wśród 100 rodziców/ opiekunów prawnych dzieci leczonych z powodu białaczki.

Wyniki:
Analiza statystyczna danych uzyskanych w badaniu kwestionariuszowym wykazała istotną statystycznie korelację pomiędzy występowaniem białaczki u dziecka a: wiekiem dziecka w momencie rozpoznania choroby (p < 0,047), spożywaniem warzyw z własnych upraw (p < 0,048) oraz stosowaniem środków ochrony roślin i nawozów sztucznych na polach uprawnych, w ogródkach działkowych i ogrodach przydomowych należących do respondentów (p < 0,003).

Wnioski:
W celu zmniejszenia ryzyka zdrowotnego związanego z występowaniem chorób nowotworowych krwi w populacji dzieci należy podjąć działania mające na celu zwiększenie ogólnej świadomości populacji na temat obecności czynników rakotwórczych i hematotoksycznych w środowisku życia człowieka.


Introduction and objective:
The most common cancers in children are leukemias, which account for approximately 25% of all cancers diagnosed in children in Poland. During 1999–2016, a total of 4,905 children and adolescents fell ill with leukemia, of whom 1,479 died. The study assumes that the exposure of parents in the pre-contraceptive period and the exposure of their children in the prenatal period to environmental carcinogens may influence the development of leukemia. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of health risk factors in the families of children suffering from leukemia, caused by environmental pollution or the lifestyle of their parents.

Material and methods:
To achieve the assumed goal, a questionnaire study was conducted among 100 parents/legal guardians of children treated for leukemia.

Results:
Statistical analyses of the data obtained showed a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of leukemia in a child and: the child's age at diagnosis of the disease (p<.047), consumption of vegetables from their own cultivation by the respondents and their children (p<.048), and the use of plant protection products and artificial fertilizers in arable fields, allotment and home gardens owned by the respondents (p<.003).

Conclusions:
In order to reduce the health risk associated with the occurrence of neoplastic diseases of the blood in the population of children, actions should be taken to increase the awareness of the general population about the presence of carcinogenic and haematotoxic factors in the human living environment.

 
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