The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic originated from the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in central China. From there, the virus spread rapidly around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely overburdened healthcare systems and led to huge economic losses. The rapid spread of the virus and the huge number of deaths meant that the need for sensitive, fast and accurate diagnostic technologies increased at this time. The main challenge facing the health service is the detection of asymptomatic cases, which are spreading rapidly in everyday interpersonal contacts. The virus is most commonly spread by droplets. The average incubation period is about 6.4 days. Characteristic symptoms among infected people include: fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle pain or fatigue. SARS-CoV-2 infection can occur with varying intensity: asymptomatic, mild to moderate cases, severe cases, critical cases, and death. Patients with severe COVID-19 usually require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation due to worsening respiratory failure. As a result of too long mechanical ventilation, bacterial infection often occurs, which can be fatal. The case report presents the causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the risk of this complication in patients infected with COVID-19 based on a case report and literature review.