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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Otyłość jest środowiskową chorobą przewlekłą, której znaczenie w zdrowiu publicznym stale rośnie. Tkanka tłuszczowa wykazuje aktywność hormonalną, a produkowane przez nią substancje, zwane adipokinami, biorą udział m.in. w regulacji podaży energetycznej oraz magazynowaniu energii. Ponadto wiele badań wskazuje na wpływ poziomu tkanki tłuszczowej i otyłości na aktywność innych hormonów produkowanych w organizmie człowieka. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przegląd dostępnej literatury na temat hormonów produkowanych przez tkankę tłuszczową oraz innych wybranych hormonów z nią związanych i podsumowanie wiedzy dotyczącej zależności pomiędzy nimi.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Leptyna jako plejotropowy hormon reguluje ilość tkanki tłuszczowej w organizmie i odpowiada m.in. za uczucie sytości. Rezystyna jest jednym z kluczowych hormonów prowadzących do rozwoju insulinooporności. Adiponektyna uwrażliwia komórki na działanie insuliny, działa przeciwmiażdżycowo, a także ma właściwości przeciwzapalne. Lipokalina na właściwości prozapalne. Tkanka tłuszczowa wpływa na stężenia hormonów tarczycy, prolaktyny, hormonów płciowych oraz na układ renina–angiotensyna–aldosteron (RAA).

Podsumowanie:
Rolą tkanki tłuszczowej – poza magazynowaniem energii – jest m.in. wydzielanie adipokin. Wśród nich należy wymienić m.in. leptynę, rezystynę, adiponektynę oraz wisfatynę. Modyfikują one metabolizm tkanki tłuszczowej, regulują uczucie sytości, rozwój insulinooporności i procesy miażdzycowe. Ponadto wykazano wpływ części z nich na ryzyko rozwoju cukrzycy i chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Należy zaznaczyć, że rola tkanki tłuszczowej w gospodarce hormonalnej organizmu jest tylko częściowo poznana, ale jej zrozumienie może pomóc w skuteczniejszym leczeniu otyłości.


Introduction and objective:
Obesity is an environmental chronic disease and its significance in public health is constantly increasing. Adipose tissue exhibits hormonal activity and the substances it produces, called adipokines play a role in the regulation of energy supply and energy storage, among other functions. Moreover, numerous studies indicate a connection between the level of adipose tissue, obesity and activity of other hormones produced in the human body. The aim of this study is to review the available literature on hormones produced by adipose tissue, as well as other selected hormones associated with it, and to summarize knowledge regarding the relationships between them.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Leptin, as a pleiotropic hormone, regulates the amount of adipose tissue in the body and is responsible, among other things, for the feeling of satiety. Resistin is one of the key hormones leading to the development of insulin resistance. Adiponectin sensitizes cells to the action of insulin, has anti-atherosclerotic properties and also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Lipocalin 2 has pro-inflammatory properties. Adipose tissue affects the levels of thyroid hormones, prolactin, sex hormones and influences the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

Summary:
In addition to energy storage, adipose tissue secretes adipokines. Most important are leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and visfatin. They modulate metabolism of adipose tissue, regulate the feeling of satiety, insulin resistance and atherosclerotic processes. Furthermore, their impact on the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated. It should be noted that the role of adipose tissue in the hormonal regulation of the body is only partially understood, but understanding it may contribute to more effective treatment of obesity.

 
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