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Rycina z artykułu: Wpływ pracy zmianowej na...
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
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STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Praca zmianowa, w tym praca nocna i rotacyjna, jest powszechną formą organizacji czasu pracy we współczesnych społeczeństwach. Jej wykonywanie prowadzi do przewlekłego zaburzenia rytmu okołodobowego, snu oraz regulacji neurohormonalnej, co może sprzyjać rozwojowi licznych zaburzeń zdrowotnych. Celem niniejszej pracy było syntetyczne przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat wpływu pracy zmianowej na zdrowie człowieka.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Dostępne dane wskazują, że praca zmianowa wiąże się z pogorszeniem jakości i skróceniem czasu snu oraz z desynchronizacją rytmu okołodobowego. Zaburzenia te prowadzą do nieprawidłowej regulacji osi neurohormonalnych i procesów metabolicznych. W badaniach epidemiologicznych wykazano związek pracy zmianowej z podwyższonym ryzykiem otyłości, zespołu metabolicznego, cukrzycy typu 2, nadciśnienia tętniczego oraz chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Praca nocna wiąże się także z częstszym występowaniem zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego, w tym bezsenności i objawów depresyjnych, a u kobiet – z zaburzeniami funkcji rozrodczych. Nasilenie niekorzystnych skutków zdrowotnych zależy od czasu trwania oraz intensywności ekspozycji na pracę zmianową.

Podsumowanie:
Praca zmianowa stanowi istotny czynnik ryzyka zaburzeń zdrowotnych obejmujących wiele układów organizmu. Kluczową rolę w patogenezie obserwowanych następstw odgrywa przewlekłe zaburzenie rytmu okołodobowego. Uwzględnienie specyfiki pracy zmianowej w działaniach profilaktycznych i klinicznych może przyczynić się do ograniczenia jej długoterminowych konsekwencji zdrowotnych.

Introduction and objective:
Shift work, including night work and rotating shifts, is a common form of work organisation in modern societies. It leads to chronic disruption of the circadian rhythm, sleep and neurohormonal regulation, which may contribute to the development of numerous health disorders. The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on the impact of shift work on human health.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Available data indicate that shift work is associated with poorer sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and desynchronisation of the circadian rhythm. These disturbances lead to abnormal regulation of neurohormonal axes and metabolic processes. Epidemiological studies have shown a link between shift work and an increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Night work is also associated with a higher incidence of mental health disorders, including insomnia and depressive symptoms and, in women – with reproductive disorders. The severity of adverse health effects depends on the duration and intensity of exposure to shift work.

Summary:
Shift work is a significant risk factor for health disorders affecting many body systems. Chronic circadian rhythm disruption plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the observed consequences. Taking into account the specific nature of shift work in preventive and clinical measures may help to reduce its long-term health consequences.
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