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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Otyłość to stan, w którym dochodzi do nadmiernego gromadzenia się tkanki tłuszczowej, wynikający z braku równowagi między poborem energii a jej wydatkowaniem. Jest to istotny problem zdrowotny, który może negatywnie wpływać na jakość snu. Jednocześnie zaburzenia snu, takie jak jego niedobór lub niska jakość, mogą sprzyjać rozwojowi otyłości, tworząc błędne koło. Artykuł ma na celu zebranie i podsumowanie najnowszych odkryć naukowych dotyczących związku między zaburzeniami snu a otyłością.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Źródła zostały pozyskane za pośrednictwem baz PubMed oraz Google Scholar, z wykorzystaniem słów kluczowych: „otyłość”, „bezsenność”, „zaburzenia snu”. Przegląd literatury przeprowadzono w okresie od października 2024 roku do stycznia 2025 roku. Obecnie nie ma jasnego konsensusu co do tego, czy to otyłość prowadzi do zaburzeń snu, czy też zaburzenia snu sprzyjają rozwojowi otyłości. Wraz ze zmianami populacyjnymi obserwuje się coraz krótszy czas trwania snu. Otyłość może upośledzać wydzielanie greliny i leptyny oraz zaburzać produkcję melatoniny. Dodatkowo predysponuje do występowania bezdechu sennego, który przyczynia się do zaburzeń snu. Badania wykazały związek między różnymi porami snu a ryzykiem otyłości. Osoby, które śpią za krótko, mają trudności z redukcją masy ciała.

Podsumowanie:
Otyłość to poważny problem cywilizacyjny, który może prowadzić do wielu zaburzeń. Badania wskazują na jej wpływ na zaburzenia snu, choć wciąż nie ma jednoznacznej zgody co do tego, czy zależność ta działa również w drugą stronę. Wiadomo jednak, że otyłość wpływa na zaburzenia hormonalne i anatomiczne, które mogą sprzyjać jej dalszemu rozwojowi. Jednocześnie nieregularne pory i niedobór snu wiąże się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem otyłości. Sugeruje się, że edukacja, lepsze zarządzanie snem i odpowiednia dieta mogą poprawić jakość snu, a tym samym wspomóc leczenie otyłości.

Introduction and objective:
Obesity is a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of body fat, resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. This is a significant health problem that can negatively affect the quality of sleep. At the same time, sleep disorders, such as sleep deficiency or poor quality sleep, can promote the development of obesity, creating a vicious cycle. The aim of the review is to collect and summarize recent scientific findings on the relationship between sleep disorders and obesity.

Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge:
Sources were obtained using PubMed and Google Scholar, using the key words: ‘obesity’, ‘insomnia’, ‘sleep disorders’. The review was conducted from October 2024 – January 2025. Currently, there is no clear consensus on whether it is obesity that leads to sleep disorders, or whether sleep disorders promote the development of obesity. With the change of lifestyle, a shorter and shorter sleep duration is observed. Obesity can impair the secretion of ghrelin and leptin, and interfere with melatonin production. Additionally, it predisposes to the occurrence of sleep apnea, which itself contributes to sleep disorders. Studies have shown a link between different bedtimes and obesity risk. People who sleep less, often have difficulty reducing weight.

Conclusions:
Obesity is a serious civilization problem that can lead to many disorders. Studies indicate its association with sleep disorders, although there is still no clear consensus on whether the relationship also works the other way round. What is known, however, is that obesity affects hormonal and anatomical disorders that can promote its further development. At the same time, an irregular sleep schedule is associated with an increased risk of obesity. It has been suggested that education, better sleep management, and an appropriate diet could improve sleep quality and thus support the treatment of obesity.
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